Version 10.3 source apparatus

Constitutional concordance

A two-way map between the final Constitution and the historic source passages from which its principles are drawn.

Constitution to sources

Modern Articles to foundation references

Sources to Constitution

Foundation references to modern Articles

ReferenceSource propositionUsed in Version 10.3
PR.1No taxation, forced loan, benevolence, or similar charge without ParliamentArticle 2 — Consent to Taxation and Financial Stewardship
PR.2No punishment or molestation for refusing unlawful demandsArticle 2 — Consent to Taxation and Financial Stewardship
PR.3No billeting of soldiers or mariners upon the peopleArticle 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed Forces
PR.4No martial law in place of the ordinary law while the ordinary courts can actArticle 4 — Due Process and Trial by Law; Article 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed Forces; Article 10 — Independence and Authority of the Courts
PR.5Life, limb, and punishment only by the law of the landPreamble; Article 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus; Article 4 — Due Process and Trial by Law; Article 5 — Justice, Bail, Fines, and Punishment; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties
PR.6Officers and ministers must serve according to lawArticle 1 — Government Under Law; Article 9 — Accountability of Public Officers
HC.1Delay and evasion by gaolers condemnedArticle 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus
HC.2Produce the body and certify the true cause of detentionArticle 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus; Article 4 — Due Process and Trial by Law; Article 10 — Independence and Authority of the Courts; Article 12 — Constitutional Supremacy
HC.3Habeas corpus available out of term or vacationArticle 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus; Article 4 — Due Process and Trial by Law; Article 10 — Independence and Authority of the Courts
HC.4Penalties for refusing the writ or withholding the warrantArticle 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus; Article 9 — Accountability of Public Officers
HC.5No recommittal after release on the same causeArticle 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus
HC.6No removal from custody except by lawful writ or necessityArticle 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus
HC.7No imprisonment beyond the seas to evade the lawPreamble; Article 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus; Article 10 — Independence and Authority of the Courts; Article 12 — Constitutional Supremacy
BR.1Arbitrary power recited as constitutional grievancePreamble
BR.2.1No suspension of laws by executive authorityArticle 1 — Government Under Law; Article 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed Forces; Article 12 — Constitutional Supremacy
BR.2.2No dispensing with laws by executive authorityArticle 1 — Government Under Law; Article 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed Forces; Article 12 — Constitutional Supremacy
BR.2.3No money levied by prerogative without ParliamentArticle 2 — Consent to Taxation and Financial Stewardship; Article 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed Forces
BR.2.4Right to petitionArticle 8 — Free Parliament and Consent of the People
BR.2.5No standing army in peace without ParliamentArticle 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed Forces
BR.2.6Free electionsArticle 8 — Free Parliament and Consent of the People
BR.2.7Freedom of speech and proceedings in ParliamentArticle 8 — Free Parliament and Consent of the People
BR.2.8No excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishmentsArticle 5 — Justice, Bail, Fines, and Punishment
BR.2.9No fines or forfeitures before convictionArticle 4 — Due Process and Trial by Law; Article 5 — Justice, Bail, Fines, and Punishment
BR.2.10Frequent ParliamentsArticle 8 — Free Parliament and Consent of the People
BR.3Rights claimed as ancient, true, and indubitablePreamble; Article 1 — Government Under Law; Article 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External Authority; Article 8 — Free Parliament and Consent of the People; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties; Article 12 — Constitutional Supremacy
BR.4No foreign jurisdiction or external authority within the realmArticle 1 — Government Under Law; Article 2 — Consent to Taxation and Financial Stewardship; Article 3 — Liberty of the Person and Habeas Corpus; Article 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External Authority; Article 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed Forces; Article 8 — Free Parliament and Consent of the People; Article 10 — Independence and Authority of the Courts; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties; Article 12 — Constitutional Supremacy
AS.1Further provision to secure laws and libertiesPreamble; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties
AS.2No war for non-UK territories or interests without ParliamentArticle 7 — Parliament, the Executive, and the Armed Forces
AS.3No pardon to defeat impeachmentArticle 9 — Accountability of Public Officers
AS.4The laws are the birthright of the peoplePreamble; Article 1 — Government Under Law; Article 2 — Consent to Taxation and Financial Stewardship; Article 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External Authority; Article 8 — Free Parliament and Consent of the People; Article 10 — Independence and Authority of the Courts; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties; Article 12 — Constitutional Supremacy; Article 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
AS.5Crown, ministers, and officers must administer according to lawArticle 1 — Government Under Law; Article 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External Authority; Article 9 — Accountability of Public Officers; Article 12 — Constitutional Supremacy
MC.1Liberties of the Church and the realmPreamble; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties
MC.2Lawful judgment and the law of the landArticle 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
MC.3Justice not sold, denied, or delayedArticle 5 — Justice, Bail, Fines, and Punishment; Article 9 — Accountability of Public Officers; Article 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
CO.1Government according to the laws and customs of the realmPreamble; Article 1 — Government Under Law; Article 9 — Accountability of Public Officers; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties
CO.2Law and justice in mercyPreamble; Article 1 — Government Under Law; Article 5 — Justice, Bail, Fines, and Punishment; Article 9 — Accountability of Public Officers; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties
CO.3Christian profession without sectarian disabilityPreamble; Article 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties
CR.1Arbitrary power subverts law and libertyArticle 1 — Government Under Law; Article 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External Authority
CR.2No dispensing or suspending power contrary to lawArticle 1 — Government Under Law; Article 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External Authority
CR.3Courts, oaths, and public offices must not be instruments of arbitrary powerArticle 9 — Accountability of Public Officers
US.1One Kingdom and one ParliamentArticle 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External Authority; Article 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
US.2Free intercourse, trade, and navigation within the UnionArticle 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
US.3Public law may be made common, but private right requires evident utilityArticle 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
US.4Preservation of courts and administration of justiceArticle 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
US.5Preservation of rights, privileges, and subjecthoodArticle 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
UI.1One United Kingdom and one ParliamentArticle 6 — Sovereignty and the Limits of External Authority; Article 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
UI.2Equal footing in trade, navigation, and privilegesArticle 13 — The Union, Movement, and the Laws of the Realm
TO.1Peaceable exercise of lawful religionArticle 11 — Preservation of Ancient Liberties